{"id":449,"date":"2020-05-19T15:30:16","date_gmt":"2020-05-19T02:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/?page_id=449"},"modified":"2026-10-23T10:25:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T21:25:07","slug":"trade-law-arbitration","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/trade-law-arbitration\/","title":{"rendered":"Arbitration, trade &#038; investment"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"449\" class=\"elementor elementor-449\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e87679c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e87679c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2314c99\" data-id=\"2314c99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fdccbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"4fdccbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"2071\" class=\"elementor elementor-2071\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eaef529 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eaef529\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-10 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1625434\" data-id=\"1625434\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ed0d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"c3ed0d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/\" aria-label=\"Penelope Ridings home\" style=\"display:block;width:100%;max-width:108px;background:#fff;line-height:0\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"108\" height=\"58\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto\" viewBox=\"0 0 220 118\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"PJR logo\"><rect width=\"220\" height=\"118\" fill=\"white\"\/><ellipse cx=\"110\" cy=\"59\" rx=\"102\" ry=\"49\" fill=\"white\" stroke=\"#315D89\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"110\" y=\"81\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#182D45\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"69\">PJR<\/text><\/svg><\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-30 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-38c07d9\" data-id=\"38c07d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e75d23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6e75d23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dr Penelope Ridings<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-60 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fbea31c\" data-id=\"fbea31c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8665243 elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"8665243\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot; aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-underline e--animation-fade\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-8665243\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2084\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/penelope-ridings\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">About<span class=\"sub-arrow\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2089\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/penelope-ridings\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">About<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2090\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Dr-Penelope-Ridings-CV-2026.pdf\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">CV (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2085\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/international-law-commission\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">International Law Commission<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2086\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\">Practice<span class=\"sub-arrow\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2091\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/trade-law-arbitration\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Arbitration<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2092\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/oceans-fisheries\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Oceans &#038; fisheries<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2093\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/international-law\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Diplomacy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2087\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/publications-2\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Publications<span class=\"sub-arrow\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2094\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/publications-2\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Publications<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2095\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/speaking-presentations\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Speaking &#038; presentations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2088\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/contact\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Contact<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar\"><\/i><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close\"><\/i>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-8665243\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2084\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/penelope-ridings\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">About<span class=\"sub-arrow\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2089\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/penelope-ridings\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">About<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2090\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Dr-Penelope-Ridings-CV-2026.pdf\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">CV (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2085\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/international-law-commission\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">International Law Commission<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2086\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Practice<span class=\"sub-arrow\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2091\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/trade-law-arbitration\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Arbitration<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2092\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/oceans-fisheries\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Oceans &#038; fisheries<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2093\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/international-law\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Diplomacy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2087\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/publications-2\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Publications<span class=\"sub-arrow\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2094\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/publications-2\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Publications<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2095\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/speaking-presentations\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Speaking &#038; presentations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2088\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/contact\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Contact<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/header>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-94940e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"94940e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-74cbd2c\" data-id=\"74cbd2c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69e5697 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"69e5697\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practice &amp; experience<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-708a77d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"708a77d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Arbitration, trade &amp; investment<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f76b2ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f76b2ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Experienced arbitrator of trade and investment disputes.<\/p><p>Provider of expert evidence to governments on trade and investment law obligations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2659fc5\" data-id=\"2659fc5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-717b2f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"717b2f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Peace-Palace-in-winter-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2127\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Peace-Palace-in-winter-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Peace-Palace-in-winter-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Peace-Palace-in-winter-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Peace-Palace-in-winter-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Peace-Palace-in-winter-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Peace-Palace-in-winter-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c8f5ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c8f5ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1aa04b\" data-id=\"c1aa04b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-572e207 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"572e207\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Arbitration<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d34a36d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d34a36d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Penny-at-Hague-EU-UK-Arbitration-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2116\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Penny-at-Hague-EU-UK-Arbitration-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Penny-at-Hague-EU-UK-Arbitration-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Penny-at-Hague-EU-UK-Arbitration-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Penny-at-Hague-EU-UK-Arbitration-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Penny-at-Hague-EU-UK-Arbitration.jpg 1496w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d094700\" data-id=\"d094700\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbd34db elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cbd34db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Arbitrator<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04f1241 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"04f1241\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chair, <em>UK-Sandeel (The European Union v. the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland),<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pca-cpa.org\/en\/cases\/334\/\">PCA Case No. 2024-45<\/a>.<\/p><p>President, ICSID <em>ad hoc<\/em> Annulment Committee in <em>Strabag and Others v. Germany<\/em> (ICSID Case No. ARB\/19\/29).<\/p><p>President, ICSID <em>ad hoc<\/em> Annulment Committee in <em>Smurfit v. Venezuela<\/em> (ICSID Case No. ARB\/18\/49).<\/p><p>President, ICSID <em>ad hoc<\/em> Annulment Committee in <em>LSG Building Solutions and Others v. Romania<\/em> (ICSID Case No. ARB\/18\/19).<\/p><p>Member, ICSID <em>ad hoc<\/em> Annulment Committee in <em>Eurus Energy Holdings Corporation v. Spain<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.italaw.com\/cases\/8648\">ICSID Case No. ARB\/16\/4<\/a>).<\/p><p>Member, ICSID Annulment Committee in Alhambra Resources Ltd. and Alhambra Co\u00f6peratief U.A. v. Republic of Kazakhstan (ICSID Case No. ARB\/16\/12).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-acfdd18 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"acfdd18\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f674626\" data-id=\"f674626\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acf1fff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"acf1fff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">WTO Arbitration<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d4b724 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0d4b724\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/1554383424472.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-470\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/1554383424472.jpg 512w, https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/1554383424472-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c84127 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c84127\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Counsel<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f3b6561 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f3b6561\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-db7f498\" data-id=\"db7f498\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c164f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c164f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Counsel for New Zealand before WTO panels or Appellate Body:<\/p><ul><li><em>Indonesia &#8211; Importation of Horticultural Products, Animals and Animal Products<\/em> (WT\/DS 477);<\/li><li><em>US &#8211; Softwood Lumber &#8211; Article 21.5<\/em> (WT\/DS264).<\/li><li><em>US &#8211; Lamb Safeguards<\/em> (WT\/DS\/177)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e54183e\" data-id=\"e54183e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85d76fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"85d76fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Arbitrator \/ Panelist<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fcc820 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2fcc820\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chair, <em>China-Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights,<\/em> DS611, Appeal Arbitration under Article 25 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding.<\/p><p>Member of the Pool of Arbitrators of the WTO Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement 2021\u20132025.<\/p><p>Panelist arbitrating disputes between Members of the WTO:<\/p><ul><li><em>United States &#8211; Certain Measures Relating to the Renewable Energy Sector<\/em> (WT\/DS\/510);<\/li><li><em>Ukraine &#8211; Anti-dumping Measures on Ammonium Nitrate from Russia<\/em> (WT\/DS\/510);<\/li><li><em>EU: Poultry Meat (China)<\/em> (WT\/DS\/492).\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-52fdb9f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"52fdb9f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1a38b8\" data-id=\"c1a38b8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42d2a6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"42d2a6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trade Negotiations<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b6e96f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b6e96f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Managed or supervised New Zealand&#8217;s legal input into FTAs between 2004\u20132006 and 2011\u20132015.<\/p><p>New Zealand Legal Counsel for New Zealand-Korea Free Trade Agreement, 2014.<\/p><p>New Zealand Legal Counsel for the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement among Brunei Darussalam, Chile, New Zealand and Singapore, August 2004\u2013June 2005.<\/p><p>New Zealand Legal Counsel for New Zealand-Thailand Closer Economic Partnership Agreement, June\u2013December 2004.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cad06f3\" data-id=\"cad06f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48d51ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48d51ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Expert Evidence<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c8205d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c8205d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Expert witness for the New Zealand Government before the Waitangi Tribunal on investment obligations and interpretation of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (WAI 2522).<\/p><p>Expert before the New Zealand High Court in New Zealand Steel Ltd v Minister of Commerce and Consumer Affairs CIV-2019-485-553 &amp; CIV-2019-485-552 in the matter of the exercise of powers under the Dumping and Countervailing Duties Act 1988.<\/p><p>Witness before the Waitangi Tribunal hearing on investment issues and the mixed ownership model as they relate to the freshwater inquiry (WAI 2358), 2012.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cae91e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cae91e4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ec09ef\" data-id=\"0ec09ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b7f5ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0b7f5ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related work<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c33161 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3c33161\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/publications-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Publications<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-584130e elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"584130e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/pca-cpa.org\/en\/cases\/334\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">UK\u2013Sandeel case record \u2197<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b7d26c elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5b7d26c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Contact<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cfe96b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cfe96b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6857140\" data-id=\"6857140\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-737c461 elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"737c461\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"2072\" class=\"elementor elementor-2072\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-93e097e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"93e097e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9ee0df7\" data-id=\"9ee0df7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6153f0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6153f0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dr Penelope Ridings<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2978e0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2978e0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>International lawyer \u00b7 Arbitrator \u00b7 Diplomat<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d051bf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d051bf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/penelope-ridings-7607b616\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">LinkedIn \u2197<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-343ae8e\" data-id=\"343ae8e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-329a970 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"329a970\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/penelope-ridings\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">About<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b69df9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3b69df9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/international-law-commission\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">International Law Commission<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cc71d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6cc71d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/trade-law-arbitration\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Arbitration, trade &amp; investment<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f98b68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8f98b68\" 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"456f236\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/peneloperidings.com\/wp48\/index.php\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Contact<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Practice &amp; experience Arbitration, trade &amp; investment Experienced arbitrator of trade and investment disputes. Provider of expert evidence to governments on trade and investment law obligations. Arbitration Arbitrator Chair, UK-Sandeel (The European Union v. the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), PCA Case No. 2024-45. President, ICSID ad hoc Annulment Committee in Strabag&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"hide","_kad_post_layout":"fullwidth","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"unboxed","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"hide","_kad_post_feature":"hide","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-449","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"PJR Dr Penelope Ridings About About CV (PDF) International Law Commission Practice Arbitration Oceans &amp; fisheries Diplomacy Publications Publications Speaking &amp; presentations Contact About About CV (PDF) International Law Commission Practice Arbitration Oceans &amp; 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